Evans - Chess Endgame Quiz, endgame
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Euwe, endgame
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CONTENTS
Exumples
Puge
vii
1. PAWN ENDINGS
I
Thc Opposition
2
K,,f-P
V.
K
3
K,,I-ZP
V.
K
4
K-bP
V.
K+P
5
KS-2P
7.
K,+P
6
More Pawm: Material
Advantage
7
Mort
Pawns:
Positional
Advanvage
Copyright
Q
1976
by
Uoler
Publita~iotts,
Ill<..
(:opy~-igl?~
Iooper.
All
rights
rcservcrl
u11tlt.r
Pan
A711eric:in
ant!
111tc1-rrational
Copyright
Convpntiona.
11.
MINOR
PKECE
ENDINGS
1
Kt
v.
P
2
3
{or
Kt)
v.
2P
3
B
(or
KQ
Y.
3P
4
B
{or fCtj+P
v.
K
5
B
(or
Kt)-kP
v.
P
6
B
(OC
Kt)+-P
v.
2P
7
B
(or
Kt)!-P
v.
3P
8
3
(or
KO-tPziwns
v.
Pawns
9
B
(or
Kt)+P
v.
B (or Kt)
10
B (or
Kt)+2P
v.
B
(or
Kt)
11
B
(or
Kt)+,2P
v.
B
(or
XCt)+P
12
More
Pawns: Material
Advantage
13
More
Pawns: Posirionai Advantage
14
B+2P
v.
B
of
opposite coIour
15
Bishops
of
opposite colour: more pawn.$
16
Two Minor Piems
v.
Two
Minor
Pieces
CHAPTER
r\,ttrk
i~rsl
prrbliskerl
I,?
&wid
MrKay
Co~ripauy,Ilrc.,
Wrv
I'ork,
i~r
$NU.
Manrrfarturctl irr
tl~t
U~tited
States
of
.%llrrrira
Uover. X'rrblicatior~s, Iric.
180
'l'arick
Street
New York,
N.Y.
20014
III.
KOOK
ENDINGS
I
RvP
2
R
v.
2P
3
R
v.
3P
4
R+P
v.
R
5
R+2P
v.
R
CHAP~~R
@
1!)59
f)y
Dl.,
Max
Euri,c
;ilrtl
I>it>itl
CHAPTER
"T'his
Ilttvcr txlilio~r,first ptiblistrctl in 1976, is arr
unaltrictgd
anrl a)r.rr.c.teri
rcpuklication
ctf
~hc
CONTENTS
6
RIP
v.
Rf
P
7
R+2P
V.
R-I-P
8
More
Pawns: Matcrial
Advanrage
9
More
Pawns:
Posiiional Advantage
INTRODUCTION
TODAY
many
more
tournament
games
are
being
prayed,
and club
and
match
games
brought
more frcquentfy
to a
finish, so that
the ending
is
not
left
to
the
adjudicator:but
is
becoming
of
increasing
importance
to
the ordinary
p~a)cf.
For
the
expert
it
has
long
been
an
outstanding
characteristic
of
his
play, and it
is
not
accidcntai
that
the greatest
mastcrs
of chess
have
also been the greatest
masters
of
the end-game.
In the
end-game, unlike
the
opening,
proficiency
does
not
depnd
on
the memory,
but
upon
methodical
study,
and
it
is
not
difficult,
to
acquire
a
skill
that
will
add
its
quota of points and
half-points
to
thc score
table.
Endings
are
predominantly positional.
in
charat%er,
although
com-
binstive
and
tactical
maneuvring
often
enlivens
the
play.
The
best
endings
have their
own
appeal,
one
of
accurate
timing
and precision.
But
the
compelling
reason
for
study
is
surely
the
practical
one:
after
a
long
struggle
how heart-breaking
it
is
not
to
reap
one's full
reward
because
of
poor
end-pby!
In
more
than sixty
examples
from
play in
this
book
decisive
mistakes
wcre
made,
often
by tfic greatest
masters.
Xn
many
ways
the ending is
a
different kind
of
game:
the
importance
of
the
pawn
centre
diminishes; the king
becomes
active; there
is the
possibility
of
stalemate;
and the
pawns,
no
longer
a
skeleton clothed
by
pieces,
become
powerful
in
themselves.
When
the
number of pawns
is
reduced
then
vakes
change,
so
that
a
piece
may
be
worth
no
more
than
a
pawn.
Rather
than
a
sketchy
outline
of
the wholc
fidd,
we
have made
a
fairly
thorough
study
of
those
endings
most
likely
to
occur
in play,
especially
chose with
rooks.
The
book
is hsl worked through as
a
course
of
study, so
that
the underlying ideas are
absorbed,
and
a
sound
positional
judgment
acquired.
It
is
not
at
first necessary to understand
every
nuance,
far
less
to
try
to
remember the
mare difficult and
complex
variations;
indeed,
one
might
weli
pass
over
the sub-varjatians
at
a
first
reading.
Some
of the
examples,
noticesably in the later chapters,
are harder than
others.
Although considered a
suitable
Cextbok
for
the
less
skilied
player,
some
more cornplicatcd
studies,
and
some
recent
theoretical
discoveries such
as
the
analyses
of
R+BP+RP
v.
R,
and
Q-tKtP
v.
Q,
are
included. Endings
at first
difficult yidd to further
study;
the
wcaker player
nced never
be
discouraged,
far in
time
the
ideaas
bbecamc
dearer,
and
a
logical pattern
is revealed.
The examples
arc
for
the most part
classified according
to
the
kind
CHAPTER
IV,
QUEEN ENDINGS
I
Qv.P
2
Q
Y.
Mom
Pawns
3
Qs-P
v.
Q
4
Q+2P
V.
Q
5
More
Pawns:
Malerial
Advantage
6
More Pawns:
Positional
Advantage
or
more
series
of
comparative
studies,
e.g.
Examplcs
223-225,
are
intended
to
show
the
importance
of
this.
Most
of
the
usual conventions
are
folfawed.
In
chc
diagrams
White
moves
up
the
board.
The
player
with
the advantage, the
'stronger
party', is
often
calfcd
Whilc.
Howcver,
a
question
mark
is
used
only
to
indicate
a
dccisivc
error
that changes the
course
of thc
game,
and
is
not
otherwise
used.
The
first
named player is
usually
the
player
of
the White
pieces,
although the uolours may
be
reversed
for
clearer
presentation.
Far
the same
rertson
the
em--dash
is
omitted from
the
moves
of
sub-
variations,
e.g.
P-K4
bccomes
PK4.
Acknowledgments
are
especialIy
given to
Cheron's
three
volume
rnastcrpiect:
Lehr-
lrr~d
E111~fdbuch
PAWN ENDINGS
-. .
.
the Pawns: They am the very Life of this
Game.
They
alone
form
the
Atlack
and
the
Wefencc;
on
their
good
OX
bad
Situation
depends
the Gain
or
Loss
of
the
Party.'
PIIIUDCIR,
1749.
I. THE
OPPOSITION
Bringing
the
king
into
play
is the Erst
thing
to
do
in
mast
cases;
for
in
contrast
to
the earlier phases
of
the
game
it
is
in
the endins!
that the Irin~.instcad of
hiding himself or
playing'into
safety,
bmes
an attacking
piece.
Xts
freedom
of
action
as
it
approaches
its
rivai
is
controlled by
a
wfationshrp
ktwecn
their
respective
positions, which
is
known
as the opposition.
X
The
kings
stand
opposite
one
another,
i.e.
in
opposition.
White, having
to
move,
can
never
force
his
way
forward:
1.
KQ2 KQ5
2.
KK2 KK541e
is
directIy opposed.
Conversely,
if
Black moves first then
he
in
turn
cannot
get to
his
sixth
rank:
4...
R-B
3
der
ErrJspiede,
Berlin,
1955-57;
Kook
against
fawns,
by Mnixlis,
Moscow,
1956;
Chess Endings-Pawns,
Bfshops,
ad
Knights,
by
Maizelis, Averbach,
and
Chekover,
Moscow,
1956;
Koncowu
Gra
S~ucho~+~,
5
K-RS
K--Kt2
6 K---Kt5
ic;
,,,,,,,,,
132
7
K
,,,,,,-
R6
K-Kt
1
8
K-Kt6.
Black
may
defend
his
corner
square,
8...
KRI
9.
KB7
KRZ
10.
KM,
or
Vol.
2,
2854,
and
Vol.
3,
1957,
Warsaw,
an extensive
collection
of
end-games
with pieces, by Gawlikowski.
We should also
like
to
acknowledge
the generous help
given
by
Mr.
F.
W.
Allen,
who assiduously
checked
thc
proofs;
by
Mr.
van
den
Berg,
who assisted
with
analysis
and
in
various
other
ways;
and
by
Mr.
K.
Wbyld, whose resmrch
was
invaluable.
DR.
34.
EIIWE,Amsterdam.
DAVID
NWPER, Reigate, England.
his
bishop's square,
8..
.
KBI
9.
KR7
KBZ
10.
KR8;
but
he
is powerless
to
prevent White
forcing
his
way
through
to
the
back rank.
I
September,
1958.
1..
.
KQ5 2. KQ2
KRS
3. KK2.
The ppayer
with
the move cannot farce
the
advance
of
his king; but this is not
all,
for bc
cannot
prcvcnt
his
opponent's
advance.
We
shall suppose it
to
ix
Black's
move:
I...
K-,QS
After
which
White's
forward
path
is
obstructed
only
on
two
squarm
(Q3,
4133);
But
if
I...
KKt5
then White
outflanlrs
by
2.
KQ3.
Dirm
opposition
White
might
as
easily
have
reachad
Ihe
back
rank
on
the king's
side.
'Yo
force this
he
must first move
along
the
rank.
holding
the
opposition: I...
KifS
2.
KQ2
(Aftc~
the irnmcdiate outflanking
2. KKt3 KQC,
WJlite
at
&st gcts
to
QM8
or
QR8.)
2..
.
KKS
3.
KK2 KBS
4.
K32 KKtS
5.
KKt2 and
now
White
oulflanks
by
5...
KBS
6.
KR3, or
5...
KRS
6.
KB3, then working his way up
the
fiIes,
as
before.
White, then,
can
force
his
way
to
any
White's
further advance,
or
out-
flanking, is
restrict&
by the
edge
of the
board,
so
hc
rcvakes thc
opposition, and
Black,
having
to
move,
must
again give
way-
viii
of
pawn-formation,
and
a
do~en
I
PAWN ENDXNGS
part
of
the
board,
but
not
lo
any par-
I
THE
OPPOSXTION
musf
bo
careliii nor
to
/
5
...
K-Q2
tion
by
his
pawn,
as
in the
first
variation.
I
corner. If I
...
KKtS
2.
KKt2
Whiie
iiculrr
square. 1%~
Trying
king,
fn.
if
mcnced
by
playing I.
..
KH,
ceding
ail
I
three squares
in
front
of
White's king,
then
Whitc must
reply
2. K83 rewining
the oppositior~,fur
eithsr
2. KKt3 KRt4
or
2.
KQ3 KQ4 loses
it.
moves
along
to
KKt2
and
then
out-
flanks;
or
it'
I.
..
KB6
2,
KR3
and
White
moves
to
QR7
and
outflanks.
In
botil
these
cases
the diagonal
opposition,
which is often transitory, immediately
rransDoses
to
the direct
oonosition.
lose
the
opposilion until his objective
is
s,,.
KK~
ch.
KK3
7.
~136,
and
5,
in
sight.
if,
for instam, Btack
corn-
if
s.,.
KKZ
6.
KR6.
At
this
stage
Black
also
draws
aRer
4..
KK2 (B2)
5.
KB5
KQ2,
for
White's
pawn again prcvcnts
his
taking the
opposition.
5
K-R5
K-B2
1
~nst&d, Black
might
play
I...
KQS
Black takcs
rhc
opposition
whim
1
Conversely, similar
powers
accrue to
Rlack if White moves first.
When
the
kings are
thus
opposed
on
file
om
square ag;dr[
it
is
term&
vertical direct opposition. It is
usual
to
say
that
tkc player
who
ttasn't the
move
has the opposition,
e-g.
White bas the
opposition
if
it
is Black's
move.
Whoever
movm
first n~ust
give
ground;
or
to put
it
another
way:
if
you
have
the
opposition
you
can
oizlflank
your opponent, and
moreover
you
can
choose
your
momem for
doing
so.
The
player having
thc
vertical opposi-
tion
may
force
I~is
wiiy
to
the farther-
most rank.
Also,
a
player having
the
horizvncal
direct
opposition may
get
to
the farthermost
file, e.g.
White
K
at
QKt6, BIack K
;it
his
Q3,
which
is
simply Exarnpte
1
turned
ninety
degrees,
'I'hc
direct
opposiiion
(king5
one
square apart
on
the
same file
or
rank)
is
the
most
fundamentai
of
alt
chess
rnanceuvm;
and
is
of
conseqritnce
in
most
of
the
pawn endings in
this
book.
K-K2
KKt2 RR5
3*
KB2
Ki35
4,
White's
king
advances
round
the
side
of
his pawn.
KK'5
'.
KK2 KR5
6.
KB2 KR4
7.
KB3, erc.
In
practice
the
diagonal
oppasiiion
is
usually seen
as a
defcasive
manceuvre,
a
Instcad,
6...
K-QI
may
be pfayed
,
~neansofpmventingtheopponent taking
at
once.
K-42
'
The
direct
and diagonaI opposiliuns
1
arc the only forms of close opposition
Now
that
the
pawn is
on
the sixth
only
j
wkem
the
square
or
squares controlled
ibis retrat
draws-
If
7.
.+
KKI
rfll)'!
!
by
one
king
may
also
K-41
8.
KK6
(86)
KQI
8.
PQ7.
I
the
other. There
arc
also lona-ran%
catjlmandd
by
i
forms
of
the opposition,
where
tl&
kin&
8
K.--B6
K-B1
are
three
or
five
squares
apart.
The
kings
are
dcfincd
as
stand~ng
In
opposition
when
(a)
they
are
on squarcs
of
the
same colour, and
(b)
here
is
an
cdd
number
of
squares between them by
he
most dirrct
route
or
routes.
4
With
tllree
squams
between
ihcm
on
the
same
file,
the
kings are
in
vertical
distant
opposition. The player who has
the opposition
(we
shalt suppose it to be
Whitc)
ha.?
tbc power
to
get
to any pari
of
the hard,
as
in
ExampIe
I.
Black takes the opposition, and
White's
king
is unablc to cuminand
the
queening square.
9
P-Q7 ch.
White plays and draws
3
The
kings arc one square
apart
on
the
same
diagonal,
and
are said
to
be
in
diagonal
opposition.
The
possession
of
any
form
of
thc
opposition mcans
that
one
can
force
one's
way
to
any
part
of
the hoard.
If
it
is
Black's
move,
then
Mite ha the
onnosition. and
we
mav
sunoose
he
Black
plays
end
loses
2
The
o~tplrsition
is
here the
decbive
Factor, for
lidnabla
White
to
control the
quacning
square.
1
...
But
without the
opprtsition
White
cannot
win.
I
None
of
Black's
eight pwsibIc moves
prevents the invasion
of
his
ranks. If he
advances,
Wltite takes
the
diract opposi-
tion; if he
retreats
Wllite pursues,
main-
taining rlre ciisiant opposition; and
if
he
movm
sideways,
as
here,
White outflanks
by stepping
to
the other
side.
K-Kt3
FC,,,-.ICt3
2
K-Kt4
K-I33
2
K-34
K--,,B3
3
K-34
White
holds the opposition until his
king
is
in
front
of
3
P-Q4
White
must try
this as
he
will
make
no
badway
with
his
king.
his
Dawn.
the
file
as)
tion
bacalrse his pawn
occupies
the
5
K-BS
relevant
square.
This
always happens
Thc
right
moment
for
the outfianking
i
when
the
pawn
is
beside
or
ahead
of
its
movement.
i
White
cannot
take
the direct
opposi-
Whitc
outfianks at once.
If
he
wishes
instead to penetrate the king's
side,
hc
must first
play
along
the
rank,
2.
K-42.
2
...
lL-02
3
K-,,R4
1
There iu
often a
choice,
and either
3
)
king
If
White
is
ro
win
he
must
be
able
Diugonaf opposition
to
manmvre
his
king clear
of
obstruc-
I
wants
to get to
a
square
near
his KR8
6
P-46 ch.
!
the
direcr opposition,
as
in
Example
7.
7
10
K-Q6
stalemate.
K-4.1
If
4..
.
RB3
5.
KK5.
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