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EVALUATION OF A DOWNDRAFT WOOD GASIFIER In SriLanka-Jayah-MEngSc, Sci Zagadnieniami-poukladane-materialy, ...
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]EVALUATION OF A DOWNDRAFT WOOD GASIFIER
FOR TEA MANUFACTURING IN SRI LANKA
Tuan Haris Jayah
A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the
degree of Masters by Research
March 2002
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The University of Melbourne
Sincerely dedicated in memory of my late parents
ABSTRACT
One of the main reasons for the high cost of production in the tea industry in Sri
Lanka is the high energy consumption. It has been found that to produce a kilogram of
“made” tea in Sri Lanka, an average 22.4 MJ of thermal energy is used. Eighty five
percent of the thermal energy requirement is met by burning fuel wood of which 70%
is rubber wood. Rubber wood is now becoming expensive and scarce, as the wood has
now been re-discovered for furniture making and acclaimed by experts as the timber
of the future. Therefore greater energy efficiency is required by the Sri Lankan tea
industry in order to achieve sustainability.
In this thesis, various energy options are investigated in terms of their potential and
the quality of energy that can be produced by each of these resources in order to
reduce the fuel wood consumption. The development of local technologies to harness
those resources for tea processing and a life cycle energy cost analysis of the available
technologies are carried out to assess their financial feasibility. From a financial
standpoint, gasifiers using wood are identified as a promising choice. Problems
associated with the design and operation of a locally fabricated gasifier raised doubts
about its applicability and productivity for the tea industry. Therefore, a computer
program based on available models has been developed to study the performance of
the gasifier. Experimental results from a locally fabricated gasifier are used to
calibrate the model, which was then used to investigate the effects of operating
parameters such as air fuel ratio, chip size, fuel moisture content, inlet air temperature
and design parameters such as insulation level and throat angle on the conversion
efficiency of the gasifier.
Based on the simulation study, the required length of gasification zone for maximum
char conversion, the desirable range of wood size, moisture content and heat loss for
the locally fabricated downdraft gasifier are presented.
i
DECLARATION
This is to certify that
(i)
the thesis is approximately 30,000 words in length, exclusive of tables,
maps, bibliographies, appendices and footnotes,
(ii)
due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material used.
Tuan Haris Jayah
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is with extreme gratitude that I acknowledge the assistance and guidance of my
supervisors, Dr R. J. Fuller, Dr. Lu Aye and Associate Professor D. F. Stewart during
the course of my studies. I wish to express my thanks for their invaluable comments
in improving my manuscript. If not for their understanding, encouragement and
advice, I would not have completed my studies.
I would like to thank Mr. M. Victor Mendis, former Chairman of the NERD Centre
for giving me the opportunity to use the facilities of the Centre to conduct my field
experiments. Assistance given by all the staff members of the NERD Centre
particularly, Messrs. T. B. Adhikarinayake and N. K. Edirisinghe for the technical
assistance during this work are specially acknowledged.
In this regard, I am extremely grateful to Dr. M. T. Ziyad Mohamed, Deputy Director
of Tea Research Institute, Sri Lanka for the invaluable information about the tea
industry and advice in selecting an experimental site for my work.
I would also like to thank all the staff members of the Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering, my co-students and all those who helped me and whose
names are not mentioned individually.
The financial assistance given by the Asian Development Bank–Japanese Scholarship
Programme is also gratefully acknowledged.
Finally I express my warmth gratitude to my wife for her unfailing encouragement
and assistance she gave me throughout this course and her “never-give-up” insistence
that the task would finally be completed.
iii
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