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Euonymus Scales, permaculture
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]Agricultural Extension Service
The University of Tennessee
Insects
SP 290-W
Euonymus Scale
Frank A. Hale, Associate Professor
originally developed by Jaime Yanes Jr., former Assistant Professor,
and Harry Williams, Professor Emeritus
Entomology and Plant Pathology
Euonymus scale,
Unaspis euonymi
(Comstock), is the most
reported insect pest of euonymus, pachysandra and American
bittersweet species in the Southeast. Other known host plants for
this insect include hollies, camellia, twinberry, boxwood,
Daphne
, English ivy, hibiscus, jasmine, privet, honeysuckle,
Pachistima
and
Prunus
. Winged euonymus is usually free from
this scale.
Damage
Damage is first seen as yellow spotting on the upper surface
of the leaves. The scale insect sucks sap from the leaves and stems.
As the populations increase in number, stems and leaves become
encrusted with the scales. Leaves may drop as a result of serious
feeding damage. Whole branches or the entire plant may die.
Female
Eggs
Males
Euonymus Scale
Crawlers
Center: Euonymus leaf showing yellowish spots on the upper surface and four scales. Left: Female and male scales.
Right: Female scale with portion of protective covering removed to show eggs. Crawlers emerge from under the
protective covering and search for a feeding site.
Description and Life Cycle
Male scales are white and about 1/32 inch long. Mature
males are small, two-winged insects. The female is 1/16 inch
long, oystershell-shaped and dark brown. Winged males emerge
and mate with non-mobile females. Eggs are laid under the scale
covering. First generation crawlers hatch in late April-May,
second generation crawlers emerge in early July and a third
brood may appear in August. Crawlers emerge from under the
mother’s covering and crawl to the leaves and stems before
inserting their sucking mouthparts to feed. Crawlers then begin to
secrete their protective covering.
Stems and leaves are covered almost entirely with white
males and a few brown females. Euonymus growing alongside
building are often hardest hit by this scale. This scale species
overwinters as a fertilized, adult female scale on the plant.
Control
The application of a dormant oil spray during late winter or
early spring before bud break can aid in control. Remove heavily
infested branches. The crawler stage is the easiest stage to control.
Begin treatments using one of the insecticides listed below
around late April or as soon as crawlers are seen on the new
foliage. Several additional applications may be needed during the
season, targeting the crawlers of subsequent generations.
Amount per
Insecticide
Formulation
Gallon
100 Gallons
dimethoate
Dimethoate 2.67EC
2.67 lb./gal. EC
1 Tbsp.
1.56 qt.
Dygon 400
4 lb. /gal. EC
1 tsp.
1 pt.
malathion
Malathion
50% EC
1.5 tsp.
1.5 pt.
57% EC
2 tsp.
1.5 pt.
horticultural oil
Sunspray
98% EC
5 Tbsp.
2 gal.
Ultra-Fine Spray Oil
chlorpyrifos
Dursban 50W
50% WSP
—-
2 lb. (eight 4 oz. packets)
Chlorpyrifos 4E AG
4 lb./gal. EC
1/3 fl. oz.
1 qt./acre
acephate
Orthene, Turf, Tree &
Ornamental Spray
75% SP
2 tsp.
0.67 lb.
Address T/O
75% SP
2 tsp.
0.67 lb.
Orthene
9.4% EC
3 Tbsp.
4.69 qt.
carbaryl
Sevin
2 EC
4 tsp.
66.7 fl. oz.
insecticidal soap
M-Pede
49% a.i.
2.5-5 Tbsp.
1-2% insecticidal
soap in finished
spray mixture
(i.e. 2 gal. soap
in 98 gal. water)
Safer Insecticidal Soap
49% a.i.
5 Tbsp.
___
In order to protect people and the environment, pesticides should be used safely. This is everyone’s responsibility, especially the user. Read and
follow label directions carefully before you buy, mix, apply, store or dispose of a pesticide. According to laws regulating pesticides, they must be used
only as directed by the label. Persons who do not obey the law will be subject to penalties.
Disclaimer Statement
Pesticides recommended in this publication were registered for the prescribed uses when printed. Pesticides registrations are continuously
reviewed. Should registration of a recommended pesticide be canceled, it would no longer be recommended by The University of Tennessee.
Use of trade or brand names in this publication is for clarity and information; it does not imply approval of the product to the exclusion of others
which may be of similar, suitable composition, nor does it guarantee or warrant the standard of the product.
SP290-W 1M 6/03(Rev) E12-4615-00-035-03
The Agricultural Extension Service offers its programs to all eligible persons regardless of race, color, age, national origin, sex or disability and is an Equal Opportunity Employer.
COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK IN AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS
The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and county governments cooperating in furtherance of Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914.
Agricultural Extension Service Charles L. Norman, Dean
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